Madan Mohan Malviya (1861-1946 AD) General Knowledge of Modern India
MADAN MOHAN MALVIYA
Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya was born in a Brahmin family in 1861 AD in Prayag (Allahabad). He had seven siblings. After passing the graduation examination in 1884, Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya became a law student and after passing the law examination in 1886, he came in contact with the Congress. He was given the title of Mahamana.
CONTACT WITH CONGRESS
Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya remained a member of the Congress for life. From time to time, Malviya ji expressed opposition to the policy of the Congress, but never tried to leave the Congress. Malviyaji was also elected a member of the Central Legislative Assembly. In 1929, all the members of the Congress resigned, but Malviyaji did not give up the membership. The reason for this was that he did not contest the elections on a Congress ticket. But in 1930 AD, when the political situation of the country changed, Malviyaji gave up the membership of the Legislative Assembly. Despite not being in favor of non-cooperation and civil disobedience, Malviyaji had shown courage in breaking government orders and laws.
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STRONG LEADER
Madan Mohan Malaviya was elected a member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council in 1902 AD itself. He gave an important speech on the budget, excise tax and other government bills. From 1910 AD to 1920 AD, Malviyaji was a member of the Central Legislative Assembly. Malviyaji had supported the Primary Education Bill proposed by Gokhale in the Central Legislative Assembly. He opposed the Rowlatt Act in 1919 AD. In 1924, he was elected to the Central Legislative Assembly as an independent Congressman and became the head of the Legislative Assembly. In 1931, he went to London to participate in the Second Round Table Conference. After the failure of the Round Table Conference, the National Integration Conference was held in Allahabad in 1932 AD. This conference was presided over by Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya. In 1934, along with M.S.Ane, Malviyaji opposed Macdonald's communal award.
Madan Mohan Malaviya was interested in the economic development of India. With his efforts, in 1905, the Indian Industrial Conference was organized in Banaras. In 1907, the Uttar Pradesh Industrial Conference was organized in Allahabad only because of the efforts of Malviyaji.
AFFILIATION TO HINDUISM
Malviya ji had unwavering faith in Hindu religion. He had faith in the theory of Karma of Gita. When religion declines, God incarnates and he removes the suffering of the world - he used to render this principle of Gita. Malaviya believed in the superiority of Hinduism. He had established the Sanatan Dharma Mahasabha. But Malviya was staunchly opposed to communalism. He used to support the demand of giving rights to the Muslims. This was the reason why even Muslims used to praise Malviya ji. Like Gandhi, Malviya was also in favor of Hindu-Muslim unity.
Madan Mohan Malviya supported independence and constitutional rule. He wanted to run the government with maximum cooperation of Indians. Malviya ji supported the Swadeshi movement and the right to self-determination. In 1918 AD, Malviya ji strongly supported the right of self-determination from the post of Congress President. Malviya ji was not in favor of terrorism or revolutionary movement. Malviya ji used to give more emphasis on national education for the economic and cultural development of India.
Despite being a nationalist, Malviya ji wanted the upliftment of Hinduism. Madan Mohan Malviya was twice elected president of the Hindu Mahasabha. Malviyaji was not ready to sacrifice the interest of Hindus in the name of any other community. He opposed the communal award on this basis. Malviyaji was against vandalism in the August movement. He did not go to jail in the August movement. Madan Mohan Malviya was considered very proficient in collecting donations. He had collected one crore rupees for the Kasturba Trust.
BHARAT RATNA
Initially, Madan Mohan Malviya was a supporter of the British government. Later on, he became a bitter critic of the government's policy. Malviya ji had established Banaras University on February 4, 1918 AD. Sanatan Dharma was given priority in Hindu University. He was also interested in the work of cow protection. Malviyaji's contribution in the promotion of Hindi language is considered very important. Malviya ji's role in promoting Hindi in Uttar Pradesh was very praiseworthy. Malviya ji also had inclination in journalism. He edited papers like Hindustan, Indian Union, Abhyudaya. Malviya ji wanted the welfare of the Harijans. In short, he had sacrificed his whole life in the service of the nation, social reform and protection of religion. In sacrifice, he was similar to Mahatma Gandhi. He died in 1946 AD. The Government of India recently honored him with the Bharat Ratna on 25 December 2014.